Note that chemical elements such as heavy metals cannot break down, but their. Soil pollution is defined as the buildup in soils of. Harttnann university of ghent laboratory of soil physics dept. May also develop or participate in environmental studies. Environmental pollution definition cause, effects and control measures of. Soil pollution is defined as the buildup in soils of persistent toxic compounds, chemicals, salts, radioactive materials, or disease causing agents, which have. While some soils do form in place, most soils form in mineral or organic substrates parent materials that have been displaced from their source of origin. The past, present and potential global threat of environmental pollution and. Water pollution water pollution is the contamination of water bodies e.
The concept of soil pollution, sources and types should be clear and understood in order to preserve the. Pollution prevention within industry generally receives the most attention. Soil and environmental biogeochemistry lecture notes. Hartmann1 1 laboratory of soil physics department of soil management and soil care faculty of agricultural and applied biological sciences university gent belgium. Lecture notes for environmental health science students solid and hazardous waste management takele tadesse university of gondar in collaboration with the ethiopia public health training initiative, the carter center, the ethiopia ministry of health, and the ethiopia ministry of education august 2004 funded under usaid cooperative agreement no. Lecture notes environmental pollution causes, effects and. Environmental pollution and degradation can be caused by chemical substances, physical factors or the development of undesirable living organisms.
If plants begin to droop, check to see if the soil feels dry. Tech i semester jntuhr15 institute of aeronautical engineering autonomous. Chemistry complete assignment of pollution ioe notes. Lecture 11 causes, effects and control of noise and thermal. Lecture 3 intake structure the basic function of the intake structure is to help in safely withdrawing water from the source over predetermined pool levels and then to discharge this water into the withdrawal conduit normally called intake conduit, through which it flows up to water treatment plant.
Water pollution occurs when pollutants are discharged directly or indirectly into water bodies without adequate treatment to remove harmful compounds. Physical, chemical and biological processes take time. The following set of lecture notes cover every major topic discussed in class. Soil is a nutrient bin which supplies all the nutrients required for plant growth hilgard 1892. Soil pollution soil pollution is defined as, contamination of soil by human and natural activities which may cause harmful effect on living organisms. These pollutants affect and alter the chemical and biological properties of soil. The local weather conditions are highly susceptible to air pollution. Ficklin spring 2008 the purposes and functions of soils soils are natural bodies made from both mineral and organic materials and capable of supporting plants outofdoors. The book has been compiled from lecture handouts prepared for an. Causes, effects and control measures of urban and industrial wastes. Soils have horizons, roughly parallel to the earths surface, that indicate the degree to which materials have been altered and redistributed by water. Soil pollution major sources and types of soil pollutants.
Soil contamination or soil pollution as part of land degradation is caused by the presence of xenobiotics humanmade chemicals or other alteration in the. Pdf lecture notes solid and hazardous waste management. Farm house wastes increase in population of cows, cattle, pigs, and poultries in the farm house results in the pollution of soil. Soil pollution definition, causes, types, effects, and control. Mark hodson, soil pollution and its impact on soil life 34 summary pollutants are generated by all sorts of human activities soil pollution is a wide spread problem pollutants have to be bioavailable to cause harm impacts occurs from the molecular to ecosystem scale quantification is by controlled testing and comparisons. Soil and water resources are under immense pressure due to ever increasing population. All soil water is not equally available for extraction and use by plants. Soil erosion is removal of soil due to movement of water andor air.
Soil physics solids, water, heat, soil aeration, solute transportation, effects of cattle grazing on soils in coniferous forests, soil chemistry. Environmental protection agency epa to protect public health by regulating the emissions of these harmful air pollutants. Generally soil refers to the loose surface of the earth as identified from the original rocks and minerals from which it is derived through weathering process. The persistent molecules that fail to be metabolized or mineralized have been termed as recalcitrants. Soil is more or less a loose and friable material in which plants, by means. Lecture 14 more soil chemistry and nutrients in soils gg325 l14, f20 mineralogical changes that occur during weathering elemental changes that occur during weathering the gain or loss of chemical constituents in. By digging or augering a hole in the soil, you may retrieve some soil material, and, you can take this sample of soil material into the laboratory and analyze its contents, but you must go into. Adnan aish environmental engineering is manifest by sound engineering thought and practice in the solution of problems of environmental sanitation, the proper disposal of or recycle of wastewater and solid wastes. Environmental degradation as a soil erosion due to overdue to over. We tell you the causes, their effects and how we can reduce it.
Properties of colloids properties of soil clays cation exchange capacity base saturation the soil solution soil ph and acidity in soils effects of aluminum on soil. Air pollution refers to the release of pollutants into the air that are detrimental to human health and the planet as a whole. Component % organic mineral matter 45 organic matter 05 soil water 25 soil air 25 types, effects and sources of soil pollution soil pollution mainly. Its impact on temperature, humidity, rainfall and clouds is apparent. Download free pdf lecture notes on air pollution and control a706 iv b. Persistent organic pollutants by destruction of the. Always irrigate by first inspecting the soil rooting zone and the appearance of the plants.
Soil is the thin layer of organic and inorganic materials that covers the earths. It is important to note that some contaminants can be naturally produced in the soil under the. Soil pollution refers to the contamination of soil with anomalous concentrations of toxic substances. Soil pollution is defined as the buildup in soils of persistent toxic compounds, chemicals, salts, radioactive materials, or disease causing agents, which have adverse effects on plant growth and animal health. It may not seem as insidious or harmful as the contamination of drinking water supplies from hazardous. Lecture notes soil behavior civil and environmental. Soil erosion may lead to the significant loss of soil productivity and thus may lead to the desertification under sever conditions. Lecture 11 causes, effects and control of noise and. Soil pollution types, effects, sources and control of. It is important to examine the total amount of ion present and the relative proportions of free versus doccomplexed ions. Tech i semester jntuhr15 institute of aeronautical engineering autonomous ecture notes on air pollution and control a706 iv b. Noise is perhaps one of the most undesirable by products of modern mechanized lifestyle.
Soil pollution definition, causes, types, effects, and control byjus. It is a serious environmental concern since it harbours many health hazards. For example, exposure to soil containing high concentrations of benzene increases the risk of contracting leukaemia. Soil water depth profiles of elemental concentrations in soil water, provide insight into geochemical processes during soil formation weathering and in bioavailability of some important nutrient elements. As a result, hazardous chemicals can enter into human food chain from the. Since then concerns have grown about environmental pollution, organic and inorganic soil contamination and potential ecological health and environmental health risks. For example, planting pestresistant crops can reduce or eliminate the need for chemical pesticides, thereby reducing the water, air, and soil pollution that results from the manufacture and use of agricultural.
The raw material for soil formation is provided bythe rocks. Soil pollution types, effects, sources and control of soil. Because most soils do have a certain buffering capacity, it usually takes some time before the negative effects become. The fact that salmon is absent in a certain river can thus point not only to chemical. Index ssac 121 introduction to soil science sn chapter page no 1 soil pedological and edaphological concepts 14 2 origin of the earth earths crust composition 515 3 rocks and minerals 1636 4 weathering 3747 5 soil formation factors and processes components of soils 4861 6 soil profile 6264 7 soil physical properties soil texture textural classes particle. As a result, atmospheric and water pollution levels were improved significantly in a relatively short period of time. What are the possible soil management methods for the polluted soils. Developmental activities such as construction, transportation, and manufacturing not only deplete the natural resources but also produce a large number of wastes that lead to pollution of air, water, soil, and oceans. Soil contamination, risk assessment and remediation intechopen. However, p2 efforts in other sectors are equally important. Soil pollution or land contamination is a problem with serious consequences. Lecture 11 causes, effects and control of noise and thermal pollution.
Modes of instruction le c ture 2 l es, 3 hours to al lecture 1 presents the concepts, objectives, and components of sound soil fertility management programs for certified organic production systems. Mar 31, 2021 lecture notes environmental pollution causes, effects and control of air edurev notes is made by best teachers of class 9. This handbook explains the causes, processes, and consequences of soil erosion and depletion, and describes the major soil and waterconservation measures which, when applied to the land in correct combinations, will greatly reduce or prevent soil erosion, improve fertility, and increase yields. Soil pollution definition, causes, types, effects, and. The soil conditioners are used to increase the fertility of the soil. Acid rain highly impacts on soil chemistry and biology. Complete lecture notes on engineering physics engineering physics is one of the subject that is included in every engineering field that may be civil,electrical and electronics.
It is important to note here that the principles for soil protection are based. Soil is the thin layer of organic and inorganic materials that covers the earths rocky surface. Jan 26, 2016 federal statutory regulation of water pollution has been governed primarily by three pieces of legislation. A soil is a threedimensional natural body in the same sense that a hill, valley, or mountain has three dimensions. Part ii1 soil composition, index properties and soil classification pdf 1. Air pollution 14 pollutants spread rapidly and to far distances in the atmosphere. Water pollution affects plants and organisms living in these bodies of water.
These contain toxic metals such as arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury, etc. Note that in many cases, there are not only specifications about the desired or. College on soil physics 12 march 6 april 2001 lecture notes. Their fecal matter mainly consists of phosphate and. Lecture 14 more soil chemistry and nutrients in soils. Conservation of soil and water resources is important for sustainability of agriculture and environment. Soil pollution introduction causes, effects and control.
Size affects reactivity with water with chemicals with biological components surface area colloids clay sized jan 19, 2016. Lecture 1 soil chemistry until the late 1960s, soil chemistry focused primarily on chemical reactions in the soil that contribute to pedogenesis or that affect plant growth. Sos 520 principle of soil conservation and management. Texture is classified based upon the proportion of sand, silt, and clay particles in the soil figure 4f3. Discharge from chemical industries, fertilizer and pharmaceutical companies are highly polluting. Air pollution refers to the release of pollutants into the air that are detrimental. Air pollution can also cause damage to property and materials. Fundamentals of environmental pollution and control nptel.
The factors which disturb the biological balance of the soil and deteriorate the quality, texture, and mineral content are called soil pollutants. The ability of plants to take water from the soil depends upon a number of factors, including soil texture, soil structure, and the layering of soils duke, 1987. Tech i semester jntuhr15 institute of aeronautical engineering autonomous, 2019. World soil day is annually held on december 5 to highlight soil s importance on earth. Air cleanness in dwelling premises and working environment is a special air pollution problem because today people become. Overview, organization, soil composition claywater forces. This document is highly rated by class 9 students and has been viewed 14892 times. Ion adsorption and exchange, soil organic matter, soil biology soil organisms, physiology and environment of soil organisms, soil fertility soil as a source of plant nutrients. Management measures aggregates, while layering refers to the vertical distribution of soils in the soil profile e. The rivers and harbors appropriations act of 1899, 33 u. Soil pollution refers to the contamination of soil with anomalous.
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